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InfoMagic Standards 1994 January
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InfoMagic Standards - January 1994.iso
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ccitt
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1988
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3_6_07.tro
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1991-12-12
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.rs
.\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
.\" Not Copyright ( c) 1991
.\"
.\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
.TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
.ds CH
.ds CF
.EQ
delim @@
.EN
.nr LL 40.5P
.nr ll 40.5P
.nr HM 3P
.nr FM 6P
.nr PO 4P
.nr PD 9p
.po 4P
.rs
\v | 5i'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\v'3P'
SECTION\ 4
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBCHARACTERISTICS\ OF\ \fR \fBEQUIPMENTS\ FOR\ CODING\ ANALOGUE\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBSOUND\ PROGRAMME\ SIGNALS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ J.41\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.41''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.41 %'
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBCHARACTERISTICS\ OF\
\fBEQUIPMENT\ FOR\ THE\ CODING\ OF\ ANALOGUE\fR
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBHIGH\ QUALITY\ SOUND\ PROGRAMME\ SIGNALS\ FOR\ TRANSMISSION\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBON\ 384\ kbit/s\ CHANNELS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Malaga\(hyTorremolinos, 1984; amended at Melbourne, 1988)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
1.1
This Recommendation gives the characteristics of equipment for the coding
of 15\ kHz monophonic analogue sound\(hyprogramme signals into a digital
signal of 384\ kbit/s. For stereophonic operation, two monophonic digital
codecs can be utilized. Two monophonic digital signals that form a stereophonic
signal should be routed together over the same transmission systems (path)
to avoid any difference in transmission delay.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
1.2
Equipment for coding of analogue sound\(hyprogramme signals, as
specified in this Recommendation, can be:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
a)
A stand\(hyalone encoder/decoder with a digital interface at
384\ kbit/s. The encoder operation and the decoder operation may
be performed in two separate equipments or in the same
equipment.
.LP
b)
A combined encoder\(hymultiplex/decoder\(hydemultiplex with a
digital interface at\ 1544 or 2048\ kbit/s. The encoder\(hymultiplex
operation and the decoder\(hydemultiplex operation may be performed
in two separate equipments or in the same equipment.
.PP
In case b), it is not mandatory to provide an external digital
sound programme access port at 384\ kbit/s.
.PP
1.3
Two methods of encoding have been specified by the CMTT\ [1] and these
form the basis for this Recommendation.
.sp 9p
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBTransmission performance\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The transmission performance per encoder/decoder pair shall be such that
the limits specified in Recommendation\ J.21 (CCIR Recommendation\ 505)
are not exceeded by three encoder/decoder pairs connected in tandem at audio
frequencies.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ When transmitting stereophonic sound programme signals,
it is necessary that the encoder and decoder are designed such that they
will meet
the specified requirements for phase difference.
.PP
In order to avoid any unnecessary complexity, the sampling of
channels\ A and\ B should be performed simultaneously.
.bp
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBMethod of encoding\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
3.1
The recommended encoding laws are as specified in [1].
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
3.2
These encoding laws are based on a uniformly quantized 14\(hybit per sample
PCM technique with companding and employ either:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
a)
eleven\(hysegment 14\(hy to 11\(hybit instantaneous A\(hylaw companding, or
.LP
b)
five\(hyrange 14\(hy to 10\(hybit near instantaneous
companding.
.PP
For provisional rules for through connection between the two
companding methods, see Note\ 4 in\ [1].
.PP
3.3
Other coding techniques which may be used by bilateral
agreement
of the Administrations concerned are also listed in Annex\ A. However, these
techniques do not form part of this Recommendation.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
3.4
Equipment characteristics common to both methods of encoding
are:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
Nominal audio bandwidth:
0.04 to 15 kHz.
Audio interface:
see Recommendation J.21, \(sc\ 2.
Sampling frequency
(CCIR Recommendation 606):
32 (1\ \(+-\ 5\ \(mu\ 10\uD\dlF261\u5\d) kHz.
Pre/de\(hyemphasis:
Recommendation J.17 with 6.5\ dB
attenuation at 800\ Hz.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Pre\(hyemphasis and de\(hyemphasis are not used by the
Administrations of Canada, Japan and the United States on their national
circuits and on international circuits between each other, but are used on
international circuits to other countries.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBEquipment using \fR \fBinstantaneous companding\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.1
\fICoding table\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
4.1.1
The coding law is specified in Table\ 1/J.41.
.PP
4.1.2
The allocation of character signals (PCM code words) is also
given in Table\ 1/J.41. Two variants
(A\ and\ B) of character signals are
allowed.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ In the case of digital interconnection between variants\
A and\ B, the conversion from one set of character signals to the other
in
Table\ 1/J.41 can be implemented without any performance degradation. In the
case of analogue interconnection, a small reduction in the S/N\ ratio, in the
order of 3\ dB, is expected.
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2
\fIBit rates\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
Nominal source coding bit rate
(32 kHz\ \(mu\ 11 bits/sample)
352\ kbit/s
Error protection
\ 32\ kbit/s
Transmission bit rate
384\ kbit/s
.sp 1P
.LP
4.3
\fIOverload level\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The overload level for a sine\(hywave signal at zero\ dB insertion loss
frequency (2.1\ kHz) of the pre\(hyemphasis is +15\ dBm0s.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.4
\fIDigital signal format\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The character signal bit sequences for variants A and B are shown in Figure\
1/J.41.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5
\fIBit error protection\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
One parity bit is added to each 11\(hybit character signal.
.bp
.RT
.ce
\fBH.T. [T1.41]\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(342p) .
TABLE\ 1/J.41
.T&
cw(342p) .
{
\fB11 segment, 14 to 11 bit instantaneous companding A\(hylaw\fR
\fBPCM for sound\(hyprogramme signals (positive half only) | fR\(ua\fBa\fR\(ua\fB)\fR
}
.T&
lw(180p) | cw(162p) .
{
11 bit coding
Allocation of character signals
}
.TE
.TS
center box ;
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
Normalized analogue input Normalized analogue output Compressed digital code Segment No. Effective resolution (bits) . 1 {
Variant A | ua\d\u)\d
2\ 3\ 4\ \ \ 5\ 6\ 7\ 8\ 9\ 10\ \ \ 11
} . S {
Variant B | ub\d\u)\d
X
Y
Z
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
}
_
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
8160 to 8192 8176\fB.\ \fR 895 {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ \ \ 1
} 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
1 \ 9 0 {
1\ 1\ 1\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
} 0 1 1 0
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
4096 to 4128 4112\fB.\ \fR 768 {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ \ \ 0
} 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
_
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
4080 to 4096 4088\fB.\ \fR 767 {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ \ \ 1
} 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
2 10 0 {
1\ 1\ 0\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
} 0 1 0 1
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
2048 to 2064 2056\fB.\ \fR 640 {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ \ \ 0
} 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
_
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
2040 to 2048 2044\fB.\ \fR 639 {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ \ \ 1
} 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
3 11 0 {
1\ 0\ 1\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
} 0 1 0 0
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
1024 to 1032 1028\fB.\ \fR 512 {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ \ \ 0
} 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
_
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
1020 to 1024 1022\fB.\ \fR 511 {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ \ \ 1
} 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
4 12 0 {
1\ 0\ 0\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
} 0 0 1 1
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
\ 512 to \ 516 \ 514\fB.\ \fR 384 {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ \ \ 0
} 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
_
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
\ 510 to \ 512 \ 511\fB.\ \fR 383 {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ 1\ \ \ 1
} 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
5 13 0 {
0\ 1\ 1\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
} 0 0 1 0
.T&
cw(42p) | cw(36p) | cw(36p) | cw(24p) | cw(30p) | cw(12p) | cw(72p) | cw(18p) | lw(72p) .
\ 256 to \ 258 \ 257\fB.\ \fR 256 {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ 0\ \ \ 0
} 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 1/J.41 [T1.41] \ \
(\*`a l'italienne), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5.1
\fIVariant A\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The five most significant bits of each sample are protected against errors
by means of a parity bit. In the converter of the transmitting part, the
parity bit is added as the 12th\ bit to each code word. Its value is fixed
so that the\ 6\ bit parity block always contains only an odd number of
\*Qone\*U
values. In order that even bit error structures can also result in parity
violations, the protected and unprotected bits of each code word are
interleaved in ascending and descending sequence, as shown in
Figure\ 1/J.41.
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 28P
.ad r
\fBFigure 1/J.41, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5.2
\fIVariant B\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The added parity bit shall be based on the 7 most significant bits of the
11\(hybit PCM word. These are bits\ S, X, Y, Z, A, B,\ C. The parity of
\*Qones\*U bit shall be \fIeven\fR . Since the chord bits (X, Y,\ Z) always
contain a
one, the minimum number of ones per sample is\ 2, resulting in a minimum ones
density of\ 1/6.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5.3
\fIError concealment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
If a parity violation is detected, an error concealment technique should
be applied (for instance, replacement by interpolation, extrapolation or
repetition. For multiple parity violation (error bursts), a muting technique
should be applied.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.6
\fIDigital interface at 384 kbit/s\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Under study (see Recommendations G.735 and G.737).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.7
\fISynchronization\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The coding equipment operates in synchronism with the clock of
subsequent multiplex equipment or the network clock. In cases where the
digital interface is provided, bit and byte (24\ bit, as shown in Figure\
1/J.41) timing information is required.
.PP
Variant A: A solution for synchronous access is given in
Recommandations\ G.735 and\ G.737.
.PP
Variant B: The solution for synchronous access is under study.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
4.8
\fIFault condition and consequent actions\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.8.1
\fIVariant A\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Where a 384 kbit/s digital interface is provided, the same
principles for fault conditions and subsequent actions as those outlined in
Recommendation\ G.732 should be followed.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.8.2
\fIVariant B\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Under study.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR \fBEquipment using \fR \fBnear\(hyinstantaneous companding\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.1
\fIIntroduction\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The equipment described in this section uses the near\(hyinstantaneous
method of companding in the coding of high quality sound\(hyprogramme signals
into digital form.
.PP
A two\(hystage process is used in the encoding equipment:
.RT
.LP
a)
Conversion of a 15 kHz channel into a 338 kbit/s stream.
.LP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The value of 338 kbit/s has been chosen to allow for
the possible multiplexing of 6\ channels into a 2048\ kbit/s
dedicated frame format.
.LP
b)
Asynchronous insertion of the 338 kbit/s stream into a
384\ kbit/s stream.
.LP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The asynchronous insertion of the 338 kbit/s stream into
a 384\ kbit/s stream allows the use, at the encoder location, of
a clock not necessarily synchronous to the network clock. It can
be advantageous when the encoder equipment and the insertion
equipment (see Recommendations\ G.735 and\ G.737) are located in
different places, and when the transmission link between them is
unidirectional,
.LP
and the reverse processes in the decoding equipment.
.sp 2P
.LP
5.2
\fIConversion from 15 kHz to 338 kbit/s\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.1
\fIOverload level\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The overload level for a sine\(hywave signal at the zero dB insertion loss
frequency (2.1\ kHz) of the pre\(hyemphasis circuit, is +12\ dBm0s.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.2
\fICompanding\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Near\(hyinstantaneous companding is used to achieve a data rate
reduction from 14\ bits/sample to 10\ bits/sample. The system codes a block of
32\ samples into one of 5\ gain ranges, according to the highest value
sample in the block. The companding characteristic is shown diagramatically
in
Figure\ 2/J.41 and the parameters are specified in Table\ 2/J.41.
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 31P
.ad r
\fBFigure 2/J.41, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.3
\fIRange coding and protection\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Information defining the range used is transmitted over
3\ successive blocks as a\ 7\(hybit word, increasing to\ 11\ bits in a
Hamming\ 7, 11 single error correcting code and distributed throughout
the 3\ blocks as
follows:
.RT
.LP
The five possible values for each of the 3 range co
des (one
range code for each block in the 3\ ms frame; see Figure\ 3/J.41), are:
.LP
Range 4\ \ highest signal level
.LP
Range 3
.LP
Range 2
.LP
Range 1
.LP
Range 0\ \ lowest signal level
.LP
Range codes generated in this way from three successive blo
cks are designated Ra, Rb and\ Rc. They are then used to compute a single\
7\(hybit
range code, R, as follows:
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
R\ =\ 25Ra\ +\ 5Rb\ +\ Rc\ +\ 1
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
R1 to R7 form the unsigned binary representation of t
his code
which is transmitted LSB first (R1 to\ R7), followed by 4 protection
bits R8 to\ R11 made up as follows:
.LP
\ R8\ =\ (
R7+R6+R5+R4+
R3+R2+R1) MOD 2
.LP
\ R9\ =\ (
R7+
R6+R5+R4
+R3+R2+R1
) MOD 2
.LP
R10\ =\ (R7
+R6
+R5+R4
+R3
+R2+R1) MOD 2
.LP
R11\ =\ (R7+R6
+R5
+R4+R3
+R2
+R1) MOD 2
.bp
.ce
\fBH.T. [T2.41]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 2/J.41
.ce
\fBCompanding law \(em Two's complement coding\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
Range Normalized analogue input Normalized analogue output {
Compressed digital code
MSB
LSB
} Effective Resolution
_
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
4 +8176 to +8192 +8184 | +511\ \ (0111111111) 10 bits
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \ 0 to \ \ +16 \ \ \ +8 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (0000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \(em16 to \ \ \ \ 0 \ \ \ \(em8 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (1111111111)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\(em8192 to \(em8176 \(em8184 | \(em512\ \ (1000000000)
_
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
3 +4088 to +4096 +4092 | +511\ \ (0111111111) 11 bits
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \ 0 to \ \ \ +8 \ \ \ +4 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (0000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \(em8 to \ \ \ \ 0 \ \ \ \(em4 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (1111111111)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\(em4096 to \(em4088 \(em4092 | \(em512\ \ (1000000000)
_
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
2 +2044 to +2048 +2046 | +511\ \ (0111111111) 12 bits
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \ 0 to \ \ \ +4 \ \ \ +2 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (0000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \(em4 to \ \ \ \ 0 \ \ \ \(em2 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (1111111111)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\(em2048 to \(em2044 \(em2046 | \(em512\ \ (1000000000)
_
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
1 +1022 to +1024 +1023 | +511\ \ (0111111111) 13 bits
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \ 0 to \ \ \ +2 \ \ \ +1 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (0000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \(em2 to \ \ \ \ 0 \ \ \ \(em1 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (1111111111)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\(em1024 to \(em1022 \(em1023 | \(em512\ \ (1000000000)
_
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
0 \ +511 to \ +512 +511.5 +511\ \ (0111111111) 14 bits
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \ 0 to \ \ \ +1 \ \ +0.5 \ \ \ 0\ \ (0000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \(em1 to \ \ \ \ 0 \ \ \(em0.5 \ \ \(em1\ \ (1111111111)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \(em512 to \ \(em511 \(em511.5 \(em512\ \ (1000000000)
.TE
.LP
MSB
Most significant bits.
.LP
LSB
Less significant bits.
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 2/J.41 [T2.41], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.sp 13
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure 3/J.41 \ \
(\*`a l'italienne), p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.4
\fISample error protection\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
32 bits per frame are used for sample error detection on the basis of\
1 parity bit per 3\ samples. Odd parity is employed, i.e., the total number
of data bits set to state\ 1, in the protected samples, plus the parity
bit is always an odd number. The distribution of the parity bits within
the frame and the allocation of the parity bits to the samples is shown
in Figure\ 3/J.41 and Table\ 3/J.41, respectively. Only the\ 5 most significant
bits of the samples are protected. In order to ensure that, if two sequential
bits are corrupted, the error can still be detected by the parity checking
process, the protected and unprotected bits of each sample are interleaved
in descending and ascending
order, respectively:\ 1, \fI10\fR , 2, \fI9\fR , 3, \fI8\fR , 4, \fI7\fR
, 5, \fI6\fR . LSB is
transmitted first and the bits underlined are those protected by the parity
check. Error concealment should be used and can be achieved, for example, by
replacing an erroneous sample value by a sample value calculated by linear
interpolation between adjacent correct samples, or by extrapolation of the
previous sample if the following sample is itself in error.
.RT
.ce
\fBH.T. [T3.41]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 3/J.41
.ce
\fBAllocation of parity bits to the samples\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
Parity bit Protects samples Parity bit Protects samples
_
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
\ 1 \ 3, 35, 66 17 14, 47, 78
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
\ 2 \ 8, 39, 71 18 18, 52, 83
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
\ 3 12, 44, 75 19 23, 58, 89
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
\ 4 17, 48, 79 20 27, 63, 95
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
\ 5 21, 53, 84 21 15, 50, 80
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
\ 6 26, 57, 88 22 22, 56, 85
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
\ 7 31, 62, 92 23 29, 61, 91
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
\ 8 19, 51, 82 24 \ 0, 34, 65
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
\ 9 24, 55, 86 25 \ 5, 40, 70
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
10 28, 60, 90 26 10, 45, 74
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
11 32, 64, 94 27 \ 7, 33, 68
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
12 \ 2, 37, 69 28 13, 38, 76
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
13 \ 6, 42, 73 29 16, 43, 81
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
14 11, 46, 77 30 20, 49, 87
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
15 \ 4, 36, 67 31 25, 54, 93
.T&
cw(54p) | cw(60p) | cw(54p) | cw(60p) .
16 \ 9, 41, 72 32 \ 1, 30, 59
.TE
.LP
This order has been chosen:
.LP
a)
to spread each group of 3 protected samples as widely as possible;
.LP
b)
to spread the 18 or 21 samples protected by each housekeeping word,
with the maximum number of other samples between them.
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 3/J.41 [T3.41], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.5
\fISingle channel frame format\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Three 32 sample blocks, together with various housekeeping bits,
form a single channel frame having a bit rate of 338\ kbit/s and a duration
of 3\ ms. The number of bits per frame is therefore 3338\ =\ 1014\ bits,
and these
have been allocated as shown in Table\ 4/J.41. Figure\ 3/J.41 illustrates the
frame arrangement for a single channel. Two frames are shown in Figure\
3/J.41 and this format is referred to as a multiframe. Framing information
is
reversed, i.e.\ alternate bits in each frame of the multiframe.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.6
\fITwo channels (stereo\(hypair) format\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Two separate 338 kbit/s streams are used to form a
stereo\(hypair.
Each of these bit streams is arranged as shown in Figure\ 3/J.41. The coders
of the stereo\(hypair must be in synchronization. Care must be taken at
the receiving end to compensate for any phase difference between the 2\
channels.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.7
\fISynchronization of the 338\(hykbit/s stream\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The 338 kbit/s stream is synchronized to the coder sampling
frequency.
.bp
.RT
.ce
\fBH.T. [T4.41]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 4/J.41
.ce
\fBBit allocation in the frame\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Frame allocation (bits/frame) Bit rate per channel (kbit/s)
_
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Sample words \ 960 320.0
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
{
Range coding
\ (including error protection)
} \ \ 11 \ \ 3.6
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Sample word error protection \ \ 32 \ 10.6
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Signalling \ \ \ 4 \ \ 1.3
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Frame alignment \ \ \ 7 \ \ 2.3
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Total 1014 338.0
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 4/J.41 [T4.41], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.8
\fILoss and recovery of frame alignment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
One of the following strategies is used:
.RT
.LP
a)
Loss of single channel frame alignment shall occur if two
or more consecutive frame alignment words are received
incorrectly (for this purpose, bits\ F1 to\ F7, Frame\ 0, and bits
F8 to\ F14, Frame\ 1, are both considered as frame alignment
words: see Figure\ 3/J.41). An incorrect frame alignment signal
is defined as one in which two or more bits are in error.
Realignment shall be achieved when a single frame alignment
signal is received correctly. If this word is a spurious code, a
second attempt at realignment shall be made.
.LP
b)
Only bits\ 1 to\ 10 of the\ 14 bit frame alignment word,
derived from Frame\ 0 and Frame\ 1 (see Figure\ 3/J.41), are taken
into account at the receiving end. Loss of frame alignment is
assumed to have occurred when three consecutive frame alignment
signals are received incorrectly in their predicted position.
When frame alignment is assumed to have been lost, the automatic
frame alignment recovery device will decide that alignment has
been recovered when it registers two consecutive correct frame
alignment signals.
.sp 2P
.LP
5.3
\fIConversion from 338 kbit/s to 384 kbit/s\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.3.1
\fIFrame structure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The frame structure (see Figure 4/J.41) with a nominal bit rate of 384\
kbit/s and 613\ bits in length is composed of:
.RT
.LP
\(em
data input of 338 kbit/s;
.LP
\(em
63 redundancy bits for single error correction;
.LP
\(em
bits for justification (J) and for identifiction of
justification\ (IJ);
.LP
\(em
the frame alignment (FA) signal.
.PP
The frame is arranged in 4 sections.
.sp 1P
.LP
5.3.2
\fIJustification strategy\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The first bits of sections 2, 3 and 4 are used to identify
justification.
.PP
The 462nd bit of the frame (second bit of the fourth section) is
the justification bit.
.PP
In cases of justification, the justification bit may assume any
value.
.PP
Where there is no justification, the position of the justification bit
is occupied by an information bit.
.PP
On the basis of a majority criterion, the demultiplexer recognizes
that justification has taken place, if two out of three justification
identification bits are in state\ 1.
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 17P
.ad r
\fBFigure 4/J.41, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.3.3
\fIError protection for the 338\(hykbit/s stream\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A redundancy of 7 bits is calculated every 60\ bits (see
Figure\ 4/J.41), to allow for the correction of a single error (Hamming
code\ 67, 60) on reception of each group of 67\ bits. The first bit transmitted
in a
group of 60\ bits is considered as the most significant bit of the group
for the computation of the redundancy. The first bit transmitted among
the 7\ redundancy bits represents the most significant bit of the remainder.
.PP
The polynomial generator is equal to x\u7\d\ +\ x\ +\ 1.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.3.4
\fISynchronization of the 384 kbit/s stream\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
At the output of the coder, the 384 kbit/s stream is synchronously locked
to the subsequent primary hierarchical level digital stream.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.3.5
\fILoss and recovery of frame alignment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Loss of frame alignment is assumed to have occurred when three
consecutive frame alignment signals are incorrectly received in their predicted
position. When frame alignment is assumed to have been lost, the automatic
frame alignment recovery device will decide that alignment has been recovered
when it registers two consecutive correct frame alignment signals.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.4
\fIDigital interface at 384 kbit/s\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Under study.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.5
\fIFault conditions and consequent action\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Under study.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB6\fR \fBDigital interface between equipments using different\fR
\fBcoding standards\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Under study.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBReferences\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
CCIR Recommendation
\fITransmission of analogue high\(hyquality sound\(hyprogramme signals
on mixed\fR
\fIanalogue and digital circuits using 384\ kbit/s channels\fR , Vol.\ XII,
Rec.\ 660, UIT, Geneva,\ 1986.
.bp
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ A
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Recommendation J.41)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fB
\fBCoding methods for use by bilateral agreement\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(see \(sc 3.3 of this Recommendation)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.LP
.sp 2
.ce
\fBH.T. [T5.41]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ A\(hy1/J.41
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Nominal bandwidth 0.04\(hy15 (Note 1) 0.04\(hy15 (Note 1) kHz
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Pre/de\(hyemphasis (Note 2) (None) \(em
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Overload point (Note 3) +12 +12 dBm0s
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Sampling frequency \ 32 \ 32 kHz
_
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Companding law 13 segments 7 segments \(em
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Bit rate reduction 14/10 13/11 bits
_
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
{
Finest resolution and
corresponding noise
} \ 14 | \ \(em66 | \ \ 13 \(em55 bits/sample dBq0ps
_
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
{
Coarsest resolution at +9 dBm0s/\fIf\fR
0 | ua\d\u)\d and corresponding noise
} \ \ 8 | \ \(em30 | \ \ 10 \(em37 bits/sample dBq0ps
_
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
{
Resolution at +9 dBm0s/60 Hz and corresponding noise
} \ 10 | \ \(em42 | \ \ 10 \(em37 bits/sample dBq0ps
_
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Source coding \ 320 | \ \ 352 kbit/s
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Error protection \ 16 | \ \ 32 kbit/s
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Framing and signalling \ \ 0.66 \ \ 0 kbit/s
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Service bit rate \ 336.66 \ 384 kbit/s
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Transmission bit rate 336.66 | ub\d\u)\d\ 384 \ 384 kbit/s
_
.T&
lw(84p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Proposed by Italy Japan
.TE
.LP
\ua\d\u)\d
\fIf\fR
0 = zero loss frequency of pre\(hyemphasis.
.LP
\ub\d\u)\d
Dedicated frame.
.LP
\fINote\ 1\fR
\ \(em\ Performance characteristics for analogue 15 kHz type
sound\(hyprogramme circuits are given in Recommendation\ J.21 and the
proposals are assumed to meet these requirements with at least
three codecs in tandem.
.LP
\fINote\ 2\fR
\ \(em\ The pre\(hyemphasis used is:
.LP
insertion loss = 10 log
[ unable to convert formula ]
.LP
\fINote\ 3\fR
\ \(em\ This is defined as the maximum r.m.s. level of sinusoidal
signal which does not cause clipping: this value is
independent of frequency
if analogue peak limiter and pre\(hyemphasis are removed and replaced
by zero dB loss; with pre\(hyemphasis the overload level is defined at the
zero\ dB loss frequency (
\fIf\fR
0).
For detailed information, see Table I in CCIR Report 647.
.LP
}
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau A\(hy1/J.41 [T5.41], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 4P
.ad r
\fBBlanc\fR
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ J.42\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBCHARACTERISTICS\ OF\ \fR \fBEQUIPMENT\ FOR\ THE\ CODING\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.42''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.42 %'
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBOF\ ANALOGUE\ MEDIUM\ QUALITY\ SOUND\(hyPROGRAMME\ SIGNALS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBFOR\ TRANSMISSION\ ON\ 384\(hykbit/s\ CHANNELS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Malaga\(hyTorremolinos, 1984; amended at Melbourne, 1988)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
1.1
This Recommendation gives the characteristics of equipment for the coding
of 7\ kHz monophonic analogue sound\(hyprogramme signals into a digital
signal. Two monophonic digital signals can be combined to form a\ 384\(hykbit/s
signal already specified in Recommendation\ J.41.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
1.2
Equipment for coding of analogue sound\(hyprogramme signals, as
specified in this Recommendation, can be:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
a)
A stand alone encoder/decoder with a digital interface
at 384\ kbit/s. The encoder operation and the decoder operation
may be performed in two separate equipments or in the same
equipment.
.LP
b)
A combined encoder\(hymultiplex decoder\(hydemultiplex with a
digital interface at\ 1544 or 2048\ kbit/s. The encoder\(hymultiplex
operation and the decoder\(hymultiplex operation may be performed
in two separate equipments or in the same equipment.
.PP
In case b) it is not mandatory to provide an external digital
sound\(hyprogramme access port at 384\ kbit/s.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBTransmission performance\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The transmission performance per encoder/decoder pair shall be such that
the limits specified in Recommendation\ J.23 (CCIR Recommendation\ 503)
are not exceeded by three encoder/decoder pairs connected in tandem at audio
frequencies.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBMethod of encoding\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
3.1
The recommended encoding laws are as specified in [1].
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
3.2
These encoding laws are based on a uniformly quantized, 14\(hybit per sample
PCM technique with companding and employ either:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
a)
eleven\(hysegment 14 to 11 bit instantaneous A\(hylaw companding, or
.LP
b)
five\(hyrange 14 to 10 bit near\(hyinstantaneous
companding.
.PP
3.3
Equipment characteristics common to both methods of encoding
are:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
Nominal audio bandwidth:
0.05 to 7 kHz.
Audio interface:
see Recommendation J.23,
\(sc\ 2.
Sampling frequency:
16 (1\ \(+-\ 5\ \(mu\ 10\uD\dlF261\u5\d) kHz.
Pre/de\(hyemphasis:
Recommendation J.17 with
6.5\ dB attenuation at 800\ Hz.
.LP
.bp
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Pre\(hyemphasis and de\(hyemphasis are not used by the
Administrations of Canada, Japan and the United States of America on their
national circuits and on international circuits between each other, but are
used on international circuits to other countries.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBEquipment using \fR \fBinstantaneous companding\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.1
\fICoding table\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
4.1.1
The coding law is specified in Table\ 1/J.41.
.PP
4.1.2
The allocation of character signals (PCM code words) is also given in Table\
1/J.41. Two variants
(A\ and\ B) of character signals are allowed.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ In the case of digital interconnection between variants\
A and\ B, the conversion from one set of character signals to the other
set in
Table\ 1/J.41, can be done without any performance degradation. In the
case of analogue interconnection, a reduction in the S/N\ ratio, in the
order of 3\ dB, is expected.
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2
\fIBit rates\fR \v'3p'
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
Nominal source coding bit rate
(16 kHz\ \(mu\ 11 bit/sample)
176 kbit/s
Error protection
(16 kHz\ \(mu\ 1 bit/sample)
16 kbit/s
Transmission bit rate
per sound\(hyprogramme signal
192 kbit/s
Channel bit rate
for 2 sound\(hyprogramme signals
384 kbit/s
.sp 1P
.LP
4.3
\fIOverload level\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The overload level for a sine\(hywave signal at zero\ dB insertion loss
frequency (2.1\ kHz) of the pre\(hyemphasis is +15\ dBm0s.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.4
\fIDigital signal format\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The character signal bit sequences for variants A and B, are shown in Figure\
1/J.41.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.4.1
\fIVariant A\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
When transmitting two monophonic digital signals as one 384 kbit/s signal,
with respect to the code word interleaving shown in Figure\ 1/J.41, the
first two 12\ bit code words are allocated to 7\ kHz channel\ No.\ 1 and
the
second two 12\ bit code words are allocated to 7\ kHz channel\ No.\ 2.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.4.2
\fIVariant B\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The 12 bit code word assignments when transmitting two monophonic digital
signals as one\ 384\(hykbit/s signal is under study.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5
\fIBit error protection\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
One parity bit is added to each 11\(hybit character signal.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5.1
\fIVariant A\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The five most important bits of each sample are protected against errors
by means of a parity bit. In the converter of the transmitting part, the
parity bit is added as the\ 12th bit to each code word. Its value is fixed
so
that the 6\ bit parity block always contains only an odd number of one
values. In order that even bit error structures can also result in parity
violations, the protected and unprotected bits of each code word are interleaved
in
ascending and descending sequence, as shown in Figure\ 1/J.41.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5.2
\fIVariant B\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The added parity bit shall be based on the 7 most significant bits of the
11\(hybit PCM word. These are bits S, X, Y, Z, A, B,\ C. The parity of
\*Qones\*U bit shall be \fIeven\fR . Since the chord bits (X, Y, Z) always
contain a
one, the minimum number of ones per sample is\ 2, resulting in a minimum ones
density of\ 1/6.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5.3
\fIError concealment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
If a parity violation is detected, an error concealment technique should
be applied (for instance, replacement by interpolation, extrapolation
or repetition). For multiple parity violation (error bursts), a muting
technique should be applied.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.6
\fIDigital interface at 384 kbit/s\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Under study (see Recommendations\ G.735 and G.737).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.7
\fISynchronization\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The coding equipment operates in synchronism with the clock of
subsequent multiplex equipment or the network clock. In cases where the
digital interface is provided, bit and byte (24 bit, as shown in Figure\
1/J.41) timing information is required.
.PP
Variant A: A solution for synchronous access is given in the
Recommandations\ G.735 and\ G.737.
.PP
Variant B: The solution for synchronous access is under study.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
4.8
\fIFault condition and consequent actions\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.8.1
\fIVariant A\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Where a 384\(hykbit/s digital interface is provided, the same
principles for fault conditions and subsequent actions as those outlined in
Recommendation\ G.732, should be followed.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.8.2
\fIVariant B\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Under study.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR \fBEquipment using \fR \fBnear\(hyinstantaneous companding\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.1
\fIIntroduction\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The equipment described in this section uses the near\(hyinstantaneous
method of companding in the coding of medium quality sound\(hyprogramme
signals
into digital form.
.PP
A two\(hystage process is used in the encoding equipment:
.RT
.LP
a)
Conversion of a 7 kHz channel into a 169 kbit/s stream.
.LP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The value of 169 kbit/s has been chosen to allow
for the possible multiplexing of 12\ channels into a 2048\ kbit/s
dedicated frame format.
.LP
b)
Asynchronous insertion of two synchronous 169 kbit/s streams
into a 384\ kbit/s stream.
.LP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The asynchronous insertion of two synchronous
169\ kbit/s streams into a 384\ kbit/s stream allows the use, at
the encoder location, of a clock not necessarily synchronous to
the network clock. It can be advantageous when the encoder
equipment and the insertion equipment (see Recommendations\ G.735
and\ G.737) are located in different places, and when the
transmission link between them is unidirectional,
.LP
and the reverse processes in the decoding equipment.
.sp 2P
.LP
5.2
\fIConversion from 7 kHz to 169 kbit/s and constitution of the\fR
\fI338\(hykbit/s signal\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.1
\fIOverload level\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The overload level for a sine\(hywave signal at the zero\ dB insertion
loss frequency (2.1\ kHz) of the pre\(hyemphasis circuit is\ +12\ dBm0s.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.2
\fICompanding\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The same near\(hyinstantaneous companding procedure with a block of
32\ samples (2\ ms) as described in \(sc\ 5.2.2 of Recommendation\ J.41,
is used. The character signal is coded in\ 2's complement form.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.2.3
\fIConstitution of the 338\(hykbit/s signal\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Two 7\(hykHz channels (C1 and C2) are contained in one 338\(hykbit/s
stream. The frame structure of the
338\ kbit/s stream is defined in \(sc\ 5.2.5 and in Figure\ 3/J.41. The
following numbering of the samples
within a given multiframe is defined as follows (see Figure\ 3/J.41):
.PP
Sample \fIn\fR of the multiframe is sample (\fIn\fR \ \(em\ 96\fIi\fR )
of frame\ \fIi\fR
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
0\ \(=\ \fIn\fR \ \(=\ 191\ \ \ \ \fIi\fR \ =\ 0 or 1
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.PP
Using the above notation, the following relationship between the bits of
the\ 338 kbit/s multiframe and channels\ C1 and\ C2 can be defined:
.PP
Sample 2\fIn\fR of the multiframe corresponds to sample \fIn\fR of
channel\ C1
.PP
Sample (2\fIn\fR \ +\ 1) of the multiframe corresponds to sample \fIn\fR of
channel\ C2
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
0\ \(=\ \fIn\fR \ \(=\ 95
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.PP
Range coding information associated with block (2\fIn\fR \ \(em\ 1) of
the multiframe is allocated to block\ \fIn\fR of channel\ C1 (derived from
C1\ samples in blocks (2\fIn\fR \ \(em\ 1) and (2\fIn\fR ) of the multiframe).
.PP
Range coding information associated with block (2\fIn\fR ) of the
multiframe
is allocated to block\ \fIn\fR of channel\ C2 (derived from C2\ samples
in blocks
(2\fIn\fR \ \(em\ 1) and (2\fIn\fR ) of the multiframe).
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
1\ \(=\ \fIn\fR \ \(=\ 3
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.PP
The range coding information and its protection, the sample format and
the sample error protection are defined and transmitted as specified in
this Recommendation and in \(sc\(sc\ 5.2.3 to\ 5.2.5 of Recommendation\ J.41.
.PP
The criteria for loss and recovery of frame alignment at 338 kbit/s is
defined in \(sc\ 5.2.8 of Recommendation\ J.41.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.3
\fIConversion from 338 kbit/s to 383 kbit/s\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
See Recommendation J.41, \(sc\ 5.3.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.4
\fIDigital interface at 384 kbit/s\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Under study.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.5
\fIFault conditions and consequent action\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Under study.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB6\fR \fBDigital interface between equipments using different\fR
\fBcoding standards\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Under study.
\v'1P'
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBReferences\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
CCIR Recommandation
\fITransmission of analogue high\(hyquality sound\(hyprogramme signals
on mixed\fR
\fIanalogue and digital circuits using 384\ kbit/s channels\fR , Vol.\ XII,
Rec.\ 660, ITU, Geneva,\ 1986.
.LP
.rs
.sp 6P
.ad r
\fBBlanc\fR
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ J.43\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBCHARACTERISTICS\ OF\ EQUIPMENT\ FOR\ THE\ CODING\ OF\ \fR \fBANALOGUE\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.43''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.43 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBHIGH\ QUALITY\ SOUND\ PROGRAMME\ SIGNALS\ FOR\ TRANSMISSION\ ON |
320\ kbit/s\ CHANNELS\fR
.FS
Digital interfaces
between Administrations which have adopted different systems should, if a
bilateral agreement is not reached, operate at 384\ kbit/s (H\d0\u\ channel)
and carry signals encoded, according to Recommendation\ J.41, \(sc\ 4.
Any necessary
transcoding will be carried out by Administrations using the system specified
in this Recommendation.
.FE
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Melbourne, 1988)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
1.1
This Recommendation gives the characteristics of equipment for the coding
of 15\ kHz monophonic analogue sound\(hyprogramme signals into a digital
signal of 320\ kbit/s. For stereophonic operation, two monophonic digital
codecs can be utilized. Two monophonic digital signals that form a stereophonic
signal should be routed together over the same transmission systems (path)
to avoid
difference in transmission delay.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
1.2
Equipment for coding of analogue sound\(hyprogramme signals can
be:
.LP
a)
A stand\(hyalone encoder/decoder with a digital interface at
320\ kbit/s. The encoder operation and the decoder operation may be performed
in two separate equipments or in the same equipment.
.LP
b)
A combined encoder\(hymultiplex/decoder\(hydemultiplex with a
digital interface at\ 1544 or 2048\ kbit/s. The encoder\(hymultiplex operation
and the decoder\(hydemultiplex operation may be performed in two separate
equipments or in the same equipment.
.PP
In case b), it is not mandatory to provide an external access at 320\ kbit/s.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBTransmission performance\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The transmission performance per encoder/decoder pair shall be such that
the limits specified in Recommendation\ J.21 (CCIR Recommendation\ 505)
are not exceeded by three encoder/decoder pairs connected in tandem at
audio
frequencies.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBMethod of encoding\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
3.1
The encoding method is based on a uniformly quantized 14\(hybit
per sample\ PCM technique with differential\ 14\(hy to\ 9.5\(hybit near
instantaneous
companding.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
3.2
Fundamental characteristics of the equipment are:
.LP
Nominal\ audio\ bandwidth:
0.04 to 15 kHz.
.LP
Audio\ interface:
see Recommendation J.21, \(sc 2.
.LP
Sampling\ frequency
.LP
(CCIR\ Recommendation\ 606):
32 (1 + 5 \(mu 10\uD\dlF261\u5\d) kHz,
.LP
Pre/de\(hyemphasis:
Recommendation J.17 with 6.5 dB attenuation at 800\ Hz.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBCharacteristics of the equipment\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.1
\fIIntroduction\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The equipment being described uses the differential
near\(hyinstantaneous method of companding in the coding of high\(hyquality
sound\(hyprogramme signals into digital form.
.PP
A two\(hystage process is used in the encoding equipment:
.RT
.LP
a)
conversion of a 15 kHz channel into a 316 kbit/s stream;
.LP
b)
asynchronous insertion of the 316 kbit/s stream into a 320 kbit/s stream;
.bp
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The asynchronous insertion of the 316 kbit/s stream
into a 320\ kbit/s stream allows the use, at the encoder location, of a
clock not
necessarily synchronous to the network clock. It can be advantageous when
the encoder equipment and the insertion equipment are located in different
places, and when the transmission link between them is unidirectional,
.PP
and the reverse processes in the decoding equipment.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
4.2
\fIConversion from 15 kHz to 316 kbit/s\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.1
\fIOverload level\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The overload level for a sine\(hywave signal at the zero dB insertion loss
frequency (2.1\ kHz) of the pre\(hyemphasis circuit is +12 or +15\ dBm0s.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.2
\fICompanding\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Differential near\(hyinstantaneous companding
is used to
achieve a data rate reduction from 14\ bits/sample to 9.5\ bit/sample. The
process of differential near\(hyinstantaneous companding is subdivided into the
following stages:
.RT
.LP
a)
near\(hyinstantaneous companding
to achieve a data rate reduction from 14\ bits/sample to 10\ bits/sample
as in \(sc\ 5 of
Recommendation\ J.41. The system coded a bloc of 32\ samples into one of
5\ gain ranges, according to the highest value sample in the block. The
companding
characteristic is shown diagramatically in Figure\ 1/J.43 and the parameters
are specified in Table\ 1/J.43;
.LP
.rs
.sp 31P
.ad r
\fBFigure 1/J.43, p.10\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.ce
\fBH.T. [T1.43]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 1/J.43
.ce
\fB14 to 10 bit near\(hyinstantaneous\fR
.ce
\fBcompanding law\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
Range Normalized analogue input Normalized analogue output {
Compressed digital code
MSB
LSB
} Effective resolution
_
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
4 +8176 to +8192 +8184 | +511\ \ (0111111111) 10 bits
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \ 0 to \ \ +16 \ \ \ +8 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (0000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \(em16 to \ \ \ \ 0 \ \ \ \(em8 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (1000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\(em8192 to \(em8176 \(em8184 | \(em512\ \ (1111111111)
_
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
3 +4088 to +4096 +4092 | +511\ \ (0111111111) 11 bits
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \ 0 to \ \ \ +8 \ \ \ +4 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (0000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \(em8 to \ \ \ \ 0 \ \ \ \(em4 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (1000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\(em4096 to \(em4088 \(em4092 | \(em512\ \ (1111111111)
_
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
2 +2044 to +2048 +2046 | +511\ \ (0111111111) 12 bits
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \ 0 to \ \ \ +4 \ \ \ +2 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (0000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \(em4 to \ \ \ \ 0 \ \ \ \(em2 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (1000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\(em2048 to \(em2044 \(em2046 | \(em512\ \ (1111111111)
_
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
1 +1022 to +1024 +1023 | +511\ \ (0111111111) 13 bits
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \ 0 to \ \ \ +2 \ \ \ +1 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (0000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \(em2 to \ \ \ \ 0 \ \ \ \(em1 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (1000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\(em1024 to \(em1022 \(em1023 | \(em512\ \ (1111111111)
_
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
0 \ +511 to \ +512 +511.5 +511\ \ (0111111111) 14 bits
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \ 0 to \ \ \ +1 \ \ +0.5 \ \ \ 0\ \ (0000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ \(em1 to \ \ \ \ 0 \ \ \(em0.5 \ \ \(em1\ \ (1000000000)
.T&
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \(em512 to \ \(em511 \(em511.5 \(em512\ \ (1111111111)
.TE
.IP MSB
Most significant bit.
.IP LSB
Least significant bit.
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 1/J.43 [T1.43], p.11\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.sp 13
.bp
.LP
b)
division of a sequence of samples \fIx\fR (\fIn\fR ) into two
sequences one of which is a sequence of odd samples\ \fIx\fR (2\ \(em\
1) and the
other
is a sequence of even samples\ \fIx\fR (2\fIn\fR ). Calculation of differential
even samples\ ?63(2\fIn\fR ) by the formula
\v'6p'
.ad r
.ad b
.RT
.LP
c)
additional near\(hyinstantaneous companding of the differential samples\
?63(2\fIn\fR ) to achieve a data rate reduction from 14\ bits/sample to
9\ bits/sample. The system codes a block of 16\ even samples into one of\ 3
additional gain ranges, according to the highest value sample in the block.
The companding characteristic is shown diagrammatically in Figure\ 2/J.43
and the
parameters are specified in Table\ 2/J.43.
.PP
After multiplexing the odd samples \fIx\fR (2\fIn\fR \ \(em\ 1)
represented by a
compressed code of 10\ bits per sample and the differential even samples\
?63(2\fIn\fR ) additionally represented by a compressed code of 9\ bits
per sample, an average of 9.5\ bits per sample is obtained.
.LP
.rs
.sp 30P
.ad r
\fBFigure 2/J.43, p.12\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.ce
\fBH.T. [1T2.43]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 2/J.43
.ce
\fB14 to 9.0 bit near\(hyinstantaneous\fR
.ce
\fBcompanding law\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
Range Normalized input Normalized output {
Compressed digital code
MSB
LSB
} Effective resolution
_
.T&
lw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
2 +16 | 20 to +16 | 84 +16 | 52 | +255\ \ (011111111) \ 8 bits
.T&
lw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | 64 \ \ \ | 32 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
lw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | (em64 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | (em32 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
lw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\(em16 | 84 to \(em16 | 20 \(em16 | 52 | \(em256\ \ (111111111)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
4 1 \ | 8160 to \ | 8192 \ | 8176 | +255\ \ (011111111) \ 9 bits
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | 32 \ \ \ | 16 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | (em32 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | (em16 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ | (em8190 to \ | (em8160 \ | (em8176 | \(em256\ \ (111111111)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
0 \ | 4080 to \ | 4096 \ | 4088 | +255\ \ (011111111) 10 bits
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | 16 \ \ \ | +8 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | (em16 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | \(em8 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ | (em4096 to \ | (em4080 \ | (em4088 | \(em256\ \ (111111111)
_
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
2 \ | 8160 to \ | 8192 \ | 8176 | +255\ \ (011111111) \ 9 bits
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | 32 \ \ \ | 16 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | (em32 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | (em16 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ | (em8192 to \ | (em8160 \ | (em8176 | \(em256\ \ (111111111)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
3 1 \ | 4080 to \ | 4096 \ | 4088 | +255\ \ (011111111) 10 bits
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | 16 \ \ \ | +8 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | (em16 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | \(em8 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ | (em4096 to \ | (em4080 \ | (em4088 | \(em256\ \ (111111111)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
0 \ | 2040 to \ | 2048 \ | 2044 | +255\ \ (011111111) 11 bits
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | +8 \ \ \ | +4 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | \(em8 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | \(em4 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ | (em2048 to \ | (em2040 \ | (em2044 | \(em256\ \ (111111111)
_
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
2 \ | 4080 to \ | 4096 \ | 4088 | +255\ \ (011111111) 10 bits
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | 16 \ \ \ | +8 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | (em16 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | \(em8 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ | (em4096 to \ | (em4080 \ | (em4088 | \(em256\ \ (111111111)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
2 1 \ | 2040 to \ | 2048 \ | 2044 | +255\ \ (011111111) 11 bits
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | +8 \ \ \ | +4 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | \(em8 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | \(em4 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ | (em2048 to \ | (em2040 \ | (em2044 | \(em256\ \ (111111111)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
0 \ | 1020 to \ | 1024 \ | 1022 | +255\ \ (011111111) 12 bits
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | +4 \ \ \ | +2 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | \(em4 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | \(em2 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ | (em1024 to \ | (em1020 \ | (em1022 | \(em256\ \ (111111111)
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 2/J.43 [1T2.43], p.13\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.ce
\fBH.T. [2T2.43]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 2/J.43 \fI(continuation)\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
Range Normalized input Normalized output {
Compressed digital code
MSB
LSB
} Effective resolution
_
.T&
lw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
2 \ | 2040 to \ | 2048 \ | 2044 | +255\ \ (011111111) 11 bits
.T&
lw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | +8 \ \ \ | +4 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
lw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | \(em8 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | \(em4 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
lw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ | (em2048 to \ | (em2040 \ | (em2044 | \(em256\ \ (111111111)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
1 1 \ | 1020 to \ | 1024 \ | 1022 | +255\ \ (011111111) 12 bits
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | +4 \ \ \ | +2 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | \(em4 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | \(em2 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ | (em1024 to \ | (em1020 \ | (em1022 | \(em256\ \ (111111111)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
0 \ | +510 to \ | +512 \ | +511 | +255\ \ (011111111) 13 bits
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | +2 \ \ \ | +1 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | \(em2 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | \(em1 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ | \(em512 to \ | \(em510
} \ | \(em511 | \(em256\ \ (111111111)
_
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
2 \ | 1020 to \ | 1024 \ | 1022 | +255\ \ (011111111) 12 bits
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | +4 \ \ \ | +2 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | \(em4 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | \(em2 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ | (em1024 to \ | (em1020 \ | (em1022 | \(em256\ \ (111111111)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
0 1 \ | +510 to \ | +512 \ | +511 | +255\ \ (011111111) 13 bits
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | +2 \ \ \ | +1 | \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | \(em2 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | \(em1 | \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ | \(em512 to \ | \(em510
} \ | \(em511 | \(em256\ \ (111111111)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
0 \ | +255 to \ | +256 \ | +255.5 +255\ \ (011111111) 14 bits
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
\ \ \ | \ 0 to \ \ \ | +1 \ \ \ | +0.5 \ \ \ 0\ \ (000000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ \ \ | \(em1 to \ \ \ | \ 0
} \ \ \ | \(em0.5 \ \ \(em1\ \ (100000000)
.T&
cw(18p) | cw(18p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) | cw(60p) | cw(36p) .
{
\ | \(em256 to \ | \(em255
} \ | \(em255.5 \(em256\ \ (111111111)
.TE
.LP
MSB
Most significant bit.
.LP
LSB
Least significant bit.
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 2/J.43 [2T2.43], p.13\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.sp 12
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.3
\fIRange coding\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The five possible values of a gain range for a block of 32 samples and
three possible values of an additional gain range for differential even
samples of this block produce 15\ possible values of a complex gain range
which is represented by a four\(hybit code word. Complex range codes are
shown in
Table\ 3/J.43.
.RT
.LP
.sp 1
.ce
\fBH.T. [T3.43]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 3/J.43
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
lw(60p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) .
Basic Additional 0 1 2 3 4
_
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) .
0 1110 1101 1100 1011 1010
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) .
1 1001 1000 0111 0110 0101
.T&
cw(60p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) .
2 0100 0011 0010 0001 0000
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 3/J.43 [T3.43], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.sp 1
.PP
For error\(hyprotected transmission, two code words of the complex
gain range (which correspond to two blocks) are combined into one\ 8\(hybit
code word which is coded by a Hamming code (12,8). This code makes it possible
to correct all singla errors in the code word of the complex gain range.
.PP
A code word of 12 bits comprising 8 bits of the gain range of two
blocks and 4\ check bits is transmitted in a cycle having a duration of
2\ ms (ee Figure\ 3/J.43). The first 8\ bits\ R1 to\ R8 correspond to two
complex code words. The last four bits (R9\ to\ R12) are check bits. They
are determined as
follows:
\v'6p'
.RT
.ad r
.ad b
.RT
.PP
Modulo 2 addition is designated by
\o'\(ci+' and inversion of bit R is designated by\
\fIR\fR .
.LP
.rs
.sp 16P
.ad r
\fBFigure 3/J.43, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.4
\fISample error protection\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The 5 most significant bits of 10\(hybit samples and 4 most
significant bits of 9\(hydigit samples are protected. One parity bit is
generated for 5\ most significant bits of each 10\(hydigit sample. A parity
bit is also
generated for 4\ most significant bits of each pair of 9\(hydigit samples.
A total of 24\ bits are thus generated for a block of 32\ samples. These
24\ parity
bits undergo error protection by means of a cyclic code (29,24). The code
(29,24) is a shortened Hamming code (31,26). The polynomial generator of the
code (29,24) is:
\v'6p'
.RT
.ce 1000
\fIF\fR (\fIx\fR ) = \fIx\fR \u5\d + \fIx\fR \u2\d + 1
.ce 0
.ad r
(3)
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.sp 1
.PP
To the receiving end only the check bits of the cyclic code
(29,24) are sent, since 24\ parity bits are reproduced according to the
received sample. Thus, 5\ protection bits correspond to a block of 32\
samples,
10\ protection bits for two blocks are transmitted in a cycle having a
duration of 2\ ms (see Figure\ 3/J.43).
.PP
In order to correct 8\(hybit error bursts, samples from four blocks are
interleaved. Interleaving of samples from four blocks is shown in
Table\ 6/J.43.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Interleaving of samples from four adjacent blocks is an
effective measure of error protection. Samples of a sound\(hyprogramme
signal are transmitted over the primary digital path in octets (8\(hybit
words). Such samples interleaving ensures correction of erroneous octets.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.5
\fI316 kbit/s channel frame\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The frame has a duration of 2 ms which corresponds to two 32\(hysample
blocks. The frame duration of 2\ ms equals to the multiframe duration of
the
primary digital multiplex equipment. Due to this coincidence of durations a
possibility is provided to use the multiframe alignment signal of the primary
digital multiplex equipment. With a digital rate of 316\ kbit/s and a duration
of 2\ ms, the frame comprises 632\ bits divided into 8\ groups of 79\ bits
each.
Bit allocation in the frame is shown in Table\ 4/J.43.
.RT
.LP
.sp 1
.ce
\fBH.T. [T4.43]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 4/J.43
.ce
\fBBit allocation in the frame\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Frame allocation (bits/frame) Bit rate per channel (kbit/s)
_
.T&
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Samples 608 304
.T&
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Range code \ \ 8 \ \ 4
.T&
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Check bits of a range code \ \ 4 \ \ 2
.T&
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Check bits of samples \ 10 \ \ 5
.T&
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Signalling and data bits \ \ 2 \ \ 1
.T&
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Total 632 316
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 4/J.43 [T4.43], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.sp 1
.PP
The frame structure is shown in Figure 3/J.43 and Table 5/J.43.
Table\ 6/J.43 shows the allocation of sample bits in a group, which provides
for interleaving of samples from four blocks (see \(sc\ 4.2.4 above) and
interleaving of bits from different samples.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ As can ben seen from Table 6/J.43, an 8\(hybit error burst
disintegrates into isolated single errors. For example, when errors occur in
bits\ 1 to\ 8 of the first group (1\ =\ 1) of the N\(hyth frame, errors
appear in the next four samples: the first sample of the first block frame\
N\ \(em\ 1 (n\ =\ 1,
k\ =\ 1), the second sample of the second block of frame\ N\ \(em\ 1 (n\
=\ 2, k\ =\ 2),
the second sample of the first block of frame\ N\ \(em\ 2 (n\ =\ 2, k\
=\ 1), the first sample of the second block of frame\ N\ \(em\ 2 (n\ =\
1, k\ =\ 2). These isolated errors are corrected by means of interpolation.
.bp
.RT
.ce
\fBH.T. [T5.43]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 5/J.43
.ce
\fB316 kbit/s frame structure\fR
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Data type Bit number in a group Group number in a cycle
_
.T&
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Sample bits 1\(hy38; 41 to 78 1 to 8
.T&
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
{
Bits of the code words of the complex gain range of
the
1st block (R1 to R4)
} 39 1 to 4
.T&
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
{
Bits of the code words of the complex gain range of
the
2nd block (R5 to R8)
} 39 5 to 8
.T&
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
{
Check bits of two complex gain ranges (R9\ to\ R12)
} 79 2, 4, 6, 8
.T&
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
{
Check bits of the samples of the 1st block
(R1 to R5)
} blanc 40 79 blanc 1, 3, 4 1, 3 | \
.T&
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
{
Check bits of the samples of the 2nd block
(R6 to R10)
} blanc 40 79 blanc 5, 7, 8 5, 7 | \
.T&
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Signalling and check bits (S) 40 2 | \ | \
.T&
lw(108p) | cw(48p) | cw(48p) .
Data bits (D) 40 6 | \ | \
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 5/J.43 [T5.43], p.17\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.sp 2
.ce
\fBH.T. [T6.43]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ 6/J.43
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(24p) sw(24p) sw(24p) sw(24p) sw(24p) sw(24p) sw(24p) sw(24p) | cw(36p) , c s s s | c s s
c s | c | c s | c | ^ , c | c | c | c | c | c | c | c | ^ .
{
Bit number in sample n of block k
} {
Bit number in group\ 1
of frame N
}
N \(em 1 N \(em 2 k = 1 k = 2 k = 1 k = 2
n = 41\(em3 n = 41\(em1 n = 41\(em2 n = 41 n = 41\(em2 n = 41 n = 41\(em3 n = 41\(em1
_
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(36p) .
1.6\ 1.6 1.6 1.6\ 1 to 8
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(36p) .
2.7\ 2.7 2.7 2.7\ 9 to 16
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(36p) .
3.8\ 3.8 3.8 3.8\ 17 to 24
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(36p) .
4.9\ 4.9 4.9 4.9\ 25 to 32
.T&
cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(24p) | lw(24p) | cw(36p) .
5.10 5 | 5 | 5.10 33 to 38
.T&
cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(36p) .
1.6\ 1.6 1.6 1.6\ 41 to 48
.T&
cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(36p) .
2.7\ 2.7 2.7 2.7\ 49 to 56
.T&
cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(36p) .
3.8\ 3.8 3.8 3.8\ 57 to 64
.T&
cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(36p) .
4.9\ 4.9 4.9 4.9\ 65 to 72
.T&
cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(24p) | cw(36p) .
5.10 5 | 5 | 5.10 73 to 78
.TE
.IP N
Number of the current frame: N = 0, \(+- | , \(+- | , . | |
.IP 1
Number of the group in the frame: 1 = 1, 2, . | | , 8
.IP k
Number of the block in the frame: k = 1, 2
.IP n
Number of the sample in the block: n = 1, 2, . | | , 32
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTableau 6/J.43 [T6.43], p.18\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.6
\fISynchronization of the 316 kbit/s stream\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The 316 kbit/s stream is synchronized to the coder sampling
frequency.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.7
\fIFrame alignment of the 316/s stream\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
For the frame alignment the synchronizing properties of the Hamming code
(12,8) are utilized and a special frame alignment signal is not employed.
The signal R1\(hyR12 is used as a frame alignment signal. In the frame
alignment signal receiver the relationships\ (2) from \(sc\ 4.2.3 are checked.
The lock\(hyin
time of such a frame alignment signal is equal to the lock\(hyin time of
an 4\(hybit frame alignment signal.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
4.3
\fIAsynchronous insertion of the 316 kbit/s signal into a 320\fR
\fIkbit/s stream\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.3.1
\fIFrame structure of the 320 kbit/s signal\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The 320 kbit/s signal is composed of a data signal fo 316 kbit/s
and a justification signal of 4\ kbit/s. The 320\ kbit/s stream is divided
into groups of 80\ bits, 79\ bits being data bits and the 80th bit being
the bit of
the justification signal.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.3.2
\fIJustification method\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
A method of positive\(hynegative justification with two\(hycommand
control is used for the rate justification. The justification signal consists
of justification commands and a data signal transmitted in the case of
negative justification. The frame of the justification signal consists
of 4\ bits. The
justification commands are transmitted by three bits\ 111 or\ 000. The same
commands are used for frame alignment of the justification signal. The
4th\ bit in the frame is used to transmit a data signal in the case of
negative
justification.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.3.3
\fIAllocation of the justification signal in the frame of the\fR
\fIprimary digital multiplex equipment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Bits of the justification signal are allocated in the frames of the primary
digital multiplex equipment, which comprise the frame alignment signal
in the channel time slot\ 0.
.PP
In the frame of the primary digital multiplex equipment, which
comprises the justification bit, this bit is the last of all bits of the
320\ kbit/s signal which are allocated in the given frame, that is, the
justification bit is the most remote bit from the frame alignment signal
of the primary digital multiplex equipment.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.4
\fIDigital interface between the encoder equipment and the insertion\fR
\fIequipment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Under study.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5
\fIFault conditions and consequent actions\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Under study.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR \fBDigital interface between equipments using different coding
standards\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Under study.
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 5P
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ J.44\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBCHARACTERISTICS\ OF\ EQUIPMENT\ FOR\ THE\ CODING\ OF\ \fR \fBANALOGUE\
MEDIUM |
QUALITY\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.44''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.44 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBSOUND\(hyPROGRAMME\ SIGNALS\ FOR\ TRANSMISSION\ ON\ 320\ kbit/s |
CHANNELS\fR
.FS
Digital interface between Administrations which have adopted different
systems should, if a bilateral agreement is not reached, operate at 384\
kbit/s (H\d0\u\ channel) and carry signals encoded according to
Recommendation\ J.42, \(sc\ 4. Any necessary transcoding will be carried out by
Administrations using the system specified in this Recommendation.
.FE
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Melbourne, 1988)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBGeneral\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
1.1
This Recommendation gives the characteristics of equipment for the coding
of 7\ kHz monophonic analogue sound\(hyprogramme signals into a digital
signal. Two monophonic digital signals can be combined to form a 320\ kbit/s
signal having a structure specified in Recommendation\ J.43.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
1.2
Equipment for coding of analogue sound\(hyprogramme signals, as
specified in this Recommendation, can be:
.LP
a)
A stand\(hyalone encoder/decoder with a digital interface at
320 kbit/s. The encoder operation and the decoder operation may be performed
in two separate equipments or in the same equipment.
.LP
b)
A combined encoder\(hymultiplex/decoder\(hydemultiplex with a
digital interface at\ 1544 or 2048\ kbit/s. The encoder\(hymultiplex operation
and the decoder\(hydemultiplex operation may be performed in two separate
equipments or in the same equipment.
.PP
In case b) it is not mandatory to provide an external access at
320 kbit/s.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBTransmission performance\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The transmission performance per encoder/decoder pair shall be such that
the limits specified in Recommendation\ J.23 (CCIR Recommendation\ 503)
are exceeded by three encoder/decoder pairs connected in tandem at audio
frequencies.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBMethod of encoding\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
3.1
The encoding method is based on a uniformly quantized 14\(hybit
per sample technique with differential\ 14 to 9.5\(hybit
near instantaneous
companding
.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
3.2
Fundamental characteristics of the equipment are:
.LP
Nominal\ audio\ bandwidth:
0.05 to 7 kHz.
.LP
Audio\ interface:
see Recommendation J.23, \(sc 2.
.LP
Sampling\ frequency:
16 (1 \(+- 5 \(mu 10\uD\dlF261\u5\d) kHz.
.LP
Pre/de\(hyemphasis:
Recommendation J.17 with 6.5 dB attenuation at 800 Hz.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBCharacteristics of the equipment\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.1
\fIIntroduction\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The equipment described in this section uses the differential
near\(hyinstantaneous method of companding in the coding of medium quality
sound\(hyprogramme signals into digital form.
.PP
A two\(hystage process is used in the encoding equipment:
.RT
.LP
a)
conversion of a 7 kHz channel into a 158 kbit/s stream;
.LP
b)
asynchronous insertion of two synchronous in\(hyphase 158
kbit/s streams into a 320\ kbit/s stream.
.bp
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The asynchronous insertion of two asynchronous in\(hyphase
158 kbit/s streams into a 320\ kbit/s stream allows the use, at the encoder
location, of a clock not necessarily synchronous to the network clock.
It can be advantageous when the encoder equipment and the insertion equipment
are
located in different places, and when the transmission link between them is
unidirectional,
.LP
and the reverse processes in the decoding equipment.
.sp 2P
.LP
4.2
\fIConversion from 7 kHz to 158 kbit/s and constitution of the\fR \fI316
kbit/s signal\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.1
\fIOverload level\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The overload level for a sine\(hywave signal at the zero dB insertion loss
frequency (2.1\ kHz) of the pre\(hyemphasis circuit is +12 or +15\ dBm0s.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.2
\fICompanding\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The same differential near\(hyinstantaneous companding procedure with a
block of 32\ samples (2\ ms), as described in \(sc\ 4.2.2 of Recommendation\
J.43, is used.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.3
\fIRange coding\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The same range coding for a block of 32 samples (2 ms), as
described in \(sc\ 4.2.3 of Recommendation\ J.43, is used.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.4
\fISample error protection\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
The same sample error protection for a block of 32 samples (2 ms), as described
in \(sc\ 4.2.4 of Recommendation\ J.43, is used.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.2.5
\fI316 kbit/s channel frame\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Two 7 kHz channels (C1 and C2) are contained in one 316 kbit/s
stream. The frame structure of the 316\ kbit/s stream is described in \(sc\
4.2.5 of Recommendation\ J.43. The first block (k\ =\ 1) of each frame
corresponds to
channel\ C1 and the second block (k\ =\ 2) of each frame corresponds to
channel\ C2.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.3
\fIAsynchronous insertion of the 316 kbit/s signal into a 320 kbit/s\fR
\fIstream\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
See \(sc 4.3 of Recommendation J.43.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.4
\fIDigital interface between the encoder equipment and the insertion\fR
\fIequipment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Under study.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4.5
\fIFault conditions and consequent actions\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
Under study.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR \fBDigital interface between equipments using different coding\fR
\fBstandards\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Under study.
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 13P
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\v'3P'
SECTION\ 5
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.PP
Section 5 has not yet been allocated.
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 40P
.ad r
\fBBlanc\fR
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
\fBMONTAGE:\ \fR PAGE ... = PAGE BLANCHE
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\v'3P'
SECTION\ 6
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBCHARACTERISTICS\ OF\ CIRCUITS\ FOR\ TELEVISION\ TRANSMISSIONS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.PP
Former Recommendations J.61 and J.62 of Volume III\(hy2 of the
\fIOrange Book\fR have been cancelled. The corresponding CCIR Recommendations
have been combined into CCIR Recommendation\ 567, which refers to all television
standards and colour systems. This Recommendation\ 567 and some other texts
from CCIR may be very useful for television transmissions via cable, and
reference is given to the following CCIR Recommendations, published in
Volume\ XII (of the XV\ Plenary Assembly of the CCIR), ITU, Geneva,\ 1982.
\v'4P'
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ J.61\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBTRANSMISSION\ PERFORMANCE\ OF\ TELEVISION\ CIRCUITS\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.61''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.61 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBDESIGNED\ FOR\ USE\ IN\ INTERNATIONAL\ CONNECTIONS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Geneva, 1982)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
(See CCIR Recommendation 567)
\v'4P'
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ J.62\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBSINGLE\ VALUE\ OF\ THE\ SIGNAL\(hyTO\(hyNOISE\ RATIO\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.62''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.62 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBFOR\ ALL\ TELEVISION\ SYSTEMS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Geneva, 1982)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
(See CCIR Recommendation 568)
.bp
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ J.63\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBINSERTION\ OF\ TEST\ SIGNALS\ IN\ THE\ FIELD\(hyBLANKING\ INTERVAL\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.63''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.63 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBOF\ MONOCHROME\ AND\ COLOUR\ TELEVISION\ SIGNALS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Geneva, 1982)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
(See CCIR Recommendation 473)
\v'4P'
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ J.64\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBDEFINITIONS\ OF\ PARAMETERS\ FOR\ SIMPLIFIED\ AUTOMATIC\ MEASUREMENT\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.64''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.64 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBOF\ TELEVISION\ INSERTION\ TEST\ SIGNALS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Geneva, 1982)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
(See CCIR Recommendation 569)
\v'4P'
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ J.65\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBSTANDARD\ TEST\ SIGNAL\ FOR\ CONVENTIONAL\ LOADING
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.65''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.65 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBOF\ A\ TELEVISION\ CHANNEL\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Geneva, 1982)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
(See CCIR Recommendation 570)
\v'4P'
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ J.66\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBTRANSMISSION\ OF\ ONE\ SOUND\ PROGRAMME\ ASSOCIATED\ WITH\ ANALOGUE
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.66''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.66 %'
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fR \fB
TELEVISION\ SIGNAL\ BY\ MEANS\ OF\ TIME\ DIVISION\ MULTIPLEX\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBIN\ THE\ LINE\ SYNCHRONIZING\ PULSE\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Geneva, 1982)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
(See CCIR Recommendation 572)
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\v'3P'
SECTION\ 7
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBGENERAL\ CHARACTERISTICS\ OF\fR \
\fBSYSTEMS\ FOR\ TELEVISION\ TRANSMISSION\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBOVER\ METALLIC\ LINES\ AND\ INTERCONNECTION\ WITH\ RADIO\(hyRELAY\ LINKS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ J.73\fR
.FS
Recommendations J.71 and J.72 of Volume III\(hy2
of the \fIOrange Book\fR have been deleted.
.FE
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBUSE\ OF\ A\fR \
\fB12\(hyMHz\ SYSTEM\ FOR\ THE\ SIMULTANEOUS\ TRANSMISSION\ OF\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.73''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.73 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBTELEPHONY\ AND\ TELEVISION\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(amended at Geneva, 1964 and 1980)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.PP
The 12\(hyMHz system on 2.6/9.5\(hymm coaxial cable pairs and the
12\(hyMHz system on\ 1.2/4.4\(hymm coaxial pairs are defined in
Recommendations\ G.332\ [1] and G.345\ [2] respectively.
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Any 12\(hyMHz system equipped for television transmission should be capable
of transmitting the signals used in all the television systems
defined in CCIR having a video bandwidth up to 5.5\ MHz if necessary, by
means of the switching (in terminal equipments only) of certain components.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBCarrier frequency\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The CCITT recommends the use of a carrier frequency of 6799\ kHz
with a tolerance of \(+- | 00\ Hz for the transmission of all the television
signals indicated above. The video band transmitted over the cable should
be 5.5\ MHz
wide, whatever television system is to be used. The level recommended for
this carrier has been defined for the interconnection points and is shown
in
Figures\ 1/J.73 and\ 2/J.73 (see Note\ 3 to these figures).
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBModulation ratio\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Amplitude modulation has to be used. The modulation ratio has to be higher
than\ 100% (as indicated in Figure\ 3/J.73), so that, when the carrier
is modulated by a signal corresponding to blanking level, its amplitude
be equal to that of the carrier when it is modulated by a signal corresponding
to the
white level, assuming that the d.c. component is transmitted.
.PP
When a luminance bar (see CCIR Recommendation\ 567, Annex\ 1 to
Part\ C, test signal element\ B2) is applied at a video junction point, the
nominal peak voltage of the modulated carrier, at a point where the relative
level for the television transmission is zero, should be as follows:
.RT
.LP
\(em
for white or blanking level, 0.387\ volt (i.e.\ the peak
voltage of a sine\(hywave signal dissipating a power of 1\ mW in a
resistance of 75\ ohms);
.LP
\(em
for the synchronizing signals, 0.719\ volt (i.e.\ the peak
voltage of a sine\(hywave signal dissipating a power of
3.45\ mW in a 75\ ohm resistance).
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 23P
.ad r
\fBFigure 1/J.73, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 24P
.ad r
\fBFigure 2/J.73, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 19P
.ad r
\fBFigure 3/J.73, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBVestigial\(hysideband shaping\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The shaping of the vestigial\(hysideband signal has to be carried out entirely
at the transmit point. Provisionally, the vestigial sideband should
not exceed a width of 500\ kHz. Figure\ 4/J.73 shows the frequency arrangement
recommended for television transmission over the 12\ MHz system.
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 10P
.ad r
\fBFigure\ 4/J.73, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBRelative power levels and interconnection at a frontier section\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
It is not possible to recommend relative power levels at the output of
intermediate repeaters since they are very closely linked to the inherent
design of each Administration's system.
.PP
When interconnection between two telephone systems is effected via
a cable section that crosses a frontier, in accordance with
Recommendation\ G.352\ [3], each Administration should accept, on the receiving
side, the level conditions which normally apply to the incoming system
used in the other country. It may be possible to comply with this condition
simply by insertion of a correcting network at the receiving end. The repeater
section
crossing the frontier, should then be less than 4.5\ km long, the details
being agreed directly between the Administrations concerned before the
repeater
stations are sited.
.bp
.PP
Where a line is to be used alternatively for \*Qall\(hytelephony\*U or for
\*Qtelephony\(hyplus\(hytelevision\*U, such a solution is not generally
applicable. In
this case, one of the frontier stations may act as a main station having the
necessary types of pre\(hyemphasis and de\(hyemphasis networks to permit
interconnection at flat points at the recommended levels. Figure\ 1/J.73
shows how this may be done in the general case and also shows how, at
terminal stations, the same interconnections levels are used when connecting
the line to telephony and television translating equipment.
.PP
However, if a common differential characteristic can be agreed for
all types of 12\(hyMHz line, then free interconnection of the full line\(hybandwidth
becomes possible, both nationally (e.g.\ between working and spare lines)
and
internationally (between national systems of different designs). This method
leads to the simpler interconnection arrangement of Figure\ 2/J.73.
.PP
In this arrangement, the circuit is always lined up for
\*Qall\(hytelephony\*U. For telephony\(hyplus\(hytelevision, the emphasis
characteristic
used for the \*Qall\(hytelephony\*U case is modified by the insertion,
at the terminal equipment stations only, of differential pre\(hyemphasis
and de\(hyemphasis networks additional to those used for \*Qall\(hytelephony\*U
transmission.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR \fBInterference\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Recommendation\ J.61 (equal to CCIR\(hyRecommendation\ 567, Part\ D),
indicates the overall values relative to the hypothetical reference circuit
for television transmissions which are taken as objectives for design projects.
.PP
In the experience of certain Administrations, the weighted
psophometric power can be distributed between the terminal equipment and
the line in the ratio of 1\ to\ 4.
.PP
In particular, the Administration of the Federal Republic of Germany uses,
for the\ 12\ MHz system, the following signal\(hyto\(hyweighted noise
ratio:
.RT
.LP
\(em
for\ terminal\ modulation\ equipment:
70\ dB
.LP
\(em
for\ terminal\ demodulation\ equipment:
64\ dB
.LP
\(em
for\ a\ line\ 840\ km\ in\ length:
58\ dB
.PP
These values result in a signal\(hyto\(hynoise ratio of 52\ dB at the end
of the reference circuit.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBReferences\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
CCITT Recommendation \fI12\(hyMHz systems on standardized\fR \fI2.6/9.5\(hymm
coaxial cable pairs\fR , Vol.\ III,
Rec.\ G.332.
.LP
[2]
CCITT Recommendation \fI12\(hyMHz systems on standardized 1.2/4.4\(hymm\fR
\fIcoaxial cable pairs\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.345.
.LP
[3]
CCITT Recommendation \fIInterconnection of coaxial carrier systems of\fR
\fIdifferent designs\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.352.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ J.74\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBMETHODS\ FOR\ MEASURING\ THE\ TRANSMISSION\ CHARACTERISTICS\ OF\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.74''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.74 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBTRANSLATING\ EQUIPMENTS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.PP
\fB1\fR
No special measuring method is necessary for the carrier.
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
\fB2\fR
An oscilloscope can be used, for example, to measure the
modulation ratio.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB3\fR
No special method is recommended for measuring
pre\(hyemphasis.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB4\fR
An oscilloscope can be used, for example, to measure the
voltages at the input to the modulating equipment and the output from the
demodulating equipment.
.bp
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB5\fR
The following is an example of a method which can be used to measure the
random noise at the modulator output:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
The input and output video terminals of the modulator are closed with
75\ ohm resistances and the modulator is set to give an output
carrier power of 1\ mW. The random noise power can then be measured
with a selective measuring instrument, and the result is given
relative to the video\(hyfrequency bandwidth for the television system
concerned.
.LP
To measure noise produced by the demodulator, 1\ mW of carrier
power is sent to its input, and the random noise at the output is
measured at the output terminals with a selective measuring
instrument.
.LP
This method can also be used to measure parasitic noise having a recurrent
waveform.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Methods for measuring parasitic noise in television
are being studied.
\v'1P'
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ J.75\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBINTERCONNECTION\ OF\ SYSTEMS\ FOR\ TELEVISION\ TRANSMISSION\ ON\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.75''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.75 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBCOAXIAL\ PAIRS\ AND\ ON\ RADIO\(hyRELAY\ LINKS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBTelevision transmission only\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Direct video transmission over long, e.g.\ more than about
15\ km, coaxial cables is unsatisfactory, because of the likelihood of
picking up interference and the difficulties of low\(hyfrequency equalization;
it is
therefore necessary to transmit the television signal as a modulated carrier
transmission, usually with a vestigial sideband.
.PP
On the other hand, the television signal can be transmitted directly in
the baseband of a radio\(hyrelay system as a video signal. In general it
is
advantageous to do so, since this minimizes distortion and enables a better
signal\(hyto\(hynoise ratio to be obtained as compared with a modulated
signal with vestigial sideband, transmitted in the baseband. This procedure
is recommended by the CCIR.
.PP
Interconnection between television channels on radio\(hyrelay and cable
systems will therefore normally take place at video frequencies.
.PP
Levels and impedances at interconnection points should then conform to
Recommendation\ J.61.
.PP
Exceptionally, in special cases, the video signal can be transmitted over
short cables, or a vestigial\(hysideband television signal can be transmitted
on short radio\(hyrelay links, to allow direct interconnection at line
frequencies (radio\(hyrelay link baseband). Special arrangements may be
necessary in such
cases in respect of signal level, pre\(hyemphasis and pilots, to maintain the
recommended standard of transmission performance.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBTelephony and television transmission, alternatively or\fR
\fBsimultaneously, on coaxial pairs or radio\(hyrelay links\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2.1
\fIInterconnection between a coaxial cable system having alternative\fR
\fItransmission of telephony and television and a radio\(hyrelay link with\fR
\fIthe same alternative transmission\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
It is recommended that the following conditions should be met at
the interconnection point:
.RT
.LP
\(em
For telephony transmission, the frequency arrangements, the
relative power levels of the telephone channels and the
frequency of the pilots should be as indicated in
Recommendation\ G.423\ [1].
.LP
\(em
For television transmission, interconnection should generally
be made at video frequencies. Levels and impedances at
interconnection points should then conform to
Recommendation\ J.61.
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
2.2
\fIInterconnection between a coaxial system having simultaneous\fR
\fItelephony and television transmission and a radio\(hyrelay link with\fR
\fIthe same simultaneous transmission\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
On all radio\(hyrelay links designed for such simultaneous
transmission, it is intended to transmit video\(hyfrequency television
signals in the lower part of the baseband and telephony signals in the
upper part. Since these arrangements are incompatible with those which
are recommended by the
CCITT for simultaneous telephony and television transmission on coaxial
cables (Recommendation\ J.73), it will normally be possible to consider
interconnection at video frequencies only for the television channel, and
interconnection at
group, supergroup, mastergroup or supermastergroup points for telephony.
.PP
However, by agreement between the Administrations concerned, direct
interconnection may be achieved, in special cases, on a short system (on
cable or radio), by using a frequency allocation recommended for the other
type of
system.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBReference\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
CCITT Recommendation \fIInterconnection at the baseband frequencies\fR
\fIof frequency\(hydivision multiplex radio\(hyrelay systems\fR ,
Vol.\ III, Fascicle\ III.2, Rec.\ G.423.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBRecommendation\ J.77\fR
.FS
Recommendation J.76 of Volume III\(hy2 of the
\fIOrange Book\fR has been deleted.
.FE
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBCHARACTERISTICS\ OF\ THE\ TELEVISION\ SIGNALS\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.77''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Rec.\ J.77 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBTRANSMITTED\ OVER\ 18\ MHz\ AND\ 60\(hyMHz\ SYSTEMS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fI(Geneva, 1980)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.PP
For television transmission on 18\ MHz and 60\ MHz systems, a
modulation procedure has to be used which is independent of the structure of
the signal to be transmitted. This is achieved by a reference carrier which
defines the phase relationship between the transmit and receive side.
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The transmission channel is capable of transmitting the signals
used in all those television systems defined by the CCIR, in accordance with
Report\ 624\ [1].
.PP
The requirements to be met by the 18\ MHz and 60\ MHz transmission
systems are to be found in Recommendations\ G.334\ [2] and G.333\ [3].
.PP
It is recommended that the following conditions be met:
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBVestigial sideband shaping\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The shaping of the vestigial sideband signal has to be carried out entirely
at the transmit side. The vestigial sideband shall not exceed a width of
1\ MHz, i.e.\ the width of the Nyquist slope shall not exceed 2\ MHz.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBVideo pre\(hyemphasis\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
With regard to a more uniform loading of the coaxial line systems, it is
recommended to use a video pre\(hyemphasis network. The video pre\(hyemphasis
curve and the corresponding formula are shown in Figure\ 1/J.77. The video
pre\(hyemphasis amounts to 9\ dB.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBNominal reference level of the modulated video signal\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
As a consequence of using a video pre\(hyemphasis network, it is
necessary to define a reference level at a suitable video frequency. It is
recommended that this reference level be derived from the level of a single
sideband measured after the Nyquist filter when a 1\ kHz sine wave is
transmitted, having a peak\(hyto\(hypeak amplitude of 0.7\ volt at the video
interconnection point. The reference level is this measured level plus 6\ dB.
The reference level is recommended to be +11\ dBm0.
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure 1/J.77, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBAccuracy of carrier frequencies\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The carrier frequency of the first modulation stage should have a tolerance
not exceeding 11\ Hz. Tolerances of the carrier frequencies for the
higher modulation stages can be ignored if either Recommendation\ G.225\
[4] is met, or if the carriers are derived from the relevant TV channel\(hypair
pilots
(see\ [5] and\ [6]).
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR \fBReference carrier\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
In order to enable accurate demodulation of the signal at the
receive side, it is necessary to transmit a reference carrier.
.PP
The following characteristics are recommended:
.RT
.LP
\(em
carrier frequency of the first modulation stage corresponding to the
video frequency of 0\ Hz;
.LP
\(em
polarity negative, i.e. such that the amplitude of the
modulated video signal is greater at black than at white;
.LP
\(em
nominal power level: +10\ dBm0, independent of signal
level.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB6\fR \fBLow frequency suppression\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
In order to prevent disturbance of the reference carrier by the low frequency
components of the video signal, it is necessary to reduce the level of
the low frequency components. A low frequency suppression of 18\ dB is
recommended. The low frequency suppression curve and the corresponding
formula are shown in Figure\ 1/J.77.
\v'1P'
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBReferences\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
[1]
CCIR Report \fICharacteristics of television systems\fR , Vol.\ XI,
Report\ 624, ITU, Geneva,\ 1982.
.LP
[2]
CCITT Recommendation \fI18\(hyMHz systems on standardized 2.6/9.5\(hymm\fR
\fIcoaxial pairs\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.334.
.LP
[3]
CCITT Recommendation \fI60\(hyMHz systems on\fR \fIstandardized 2.6/9.5\(hymm
coaxial cable pairs\fR , Vol.\ III,
Rec.\ G.333.
.LP
[4]
CCITT Recommendation \fIRecommendations relating to the\fR
\fIaccuracy of carrier frequencies\fR , Vol.\ III,
Rec.\ G.225.
.LP
[5]
CCITT Recommendation \fI60\(hyMHz systems on\fR \fIstandardized\ 2.6/9.5\(hymm
coaxial cable pairs\fR , Vol.\ III,
Rec.\ G.333, \(sc\ 8.4, Note\ 2.
.LP
[6]
CCITT Recommendation, \fI18\(hyMHz systems on standardized 2.6/9.5\(hymm\fR
\fIcoaxial pairs\fR , Vol.\ III, Rec.\ G.334, \(sc\ 9.4.2, Note.
.LP
.rs
.sp 15P
.ad r
\fBBlanc\fR
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\v'12P'
\s12PART\ III
\v'4P'
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBSUPPLEMENTS\ TO\ H\ AND\ J\ SERIES\ RECOMMENDATIONS\fR
.EF '% \ \ \ ^''
.OF ''' \ \ \ ^ %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.rs
.sp 35P
.ad r
\fBBlanc\fR
.EF '% \ \ \ ^''
.OF ''' \ \ \ ^ %'
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
\fBMONTAGE:\fR \ PAGE 234 = PAGE BLANCHE
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBSupplement\ No.\ 5\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBMEASUREMENT\ OF\ THE\ LOAD\ OF\ TELEPHONE\ CIRCUITS\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 5''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 5 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBUNDER\ FIELD\ CONDITIONS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
(Referred to in Recommendations\ G.223 and\ H.51 this supplement is to be
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
found on page 295 of Fascicle III.2 of the \fIRed Book\fR , Geneva, 1985)
\v'1P'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBSupplement\ No.\ 12\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBINTELLIGIBILITY\ OF\ CROSSTALK\ BETWEEN\ TELEPHONE\ AND\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 12''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 12 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBSOUND\(hyPROGRAMME\ CIRCUITS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
(Referred to in Recommendation\ J.32; this supplement is to be found
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
on page\ 610 of Fascicle III.2 of the \fIGreen\ Book\fR , Geneva,\ 1972.)
\v'1P'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fR
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBSupplement\ No.\ 16\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBOUT\(hyOF\(hyBAND\ CHARACTERISTICS\ OF\ SIGNALS\ APPLIED\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 16''
.OF '''Fascicle\ III.6\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 16 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBTO\ LEASED\ TELEPHONE\(hyTYPE\ CIRCUITS\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
(Referred to in Recommendation H.51; this Supplement is to be found on
page 191
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
of
Fascicle III.4 of the \fIRed Book\fR , Geneva, 1985)
\v'1P'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.bp